Diversity, Equality & Inclusion Month - June

 
 

Dear Colleague,


Join Global Alliance to celebrate during June Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Month! Your voice can be heard, since we will showcase best practices and insights as part of this special celebration.

Besides promoting your representation, we will share content and experiences from experts that can inspire our future work. The exchange of learnings from different cultures and perspectives is one of the core benefits Global Alliance offers. Take full advantage of it!

It is proven we can promote the greater good integrating DEI principles. Let us keep up the good work to demonstrate the value of our profession for the communities we serve!

 

Cordially,

 

Gladys Díaz, APR

Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

GA Regional Delegate-at-Large

 


WEBINARS DEI Month 2023


Diversity & Inclusion Dialogue session with Federico Subervi Vélez, PhD, researcher, professor, and author.  

Wednesday, June 7, 2023 - 12:00 pm GMT London/Lisbon time

Dr. Federico Subervi-Vélez is currently, Co-Editor-in-Chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity and Communication, and Honorary Associate/Fellow of the Latin American, Caribbean and Iberian Studies Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.  In 2018 he was Visiting Leverhulme Professor at the School of Media & Communication within the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Cultures of the University of Leeds, United Kingdom.  While there he conducted research about the media system and politics in Puerto Rico, a topic about which his co-authored book is titled: The News Media in Puerto Rico: Journalism in Colonial Setting and in Times of Crises (2020). In the United Kingdom he delivered lectures at the University of Leeds, and also at Cambridge University, Oxford University, Goldsmiths College-London, Sterling University, and the University of Liverpool among others. 

His previous academic job was as Full Professor at the School of Journalism & Mass Communication and as Provost Faculty Associate for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion at Kent State University in Ohio, where he helped develop the College of Communication and Information doctoral program while continuing his research about Latinos and media issues.  Prior to that, he was Full Professor and Director of the Center for the Study of Latino Media and Markets at the School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Texas State University. He’s also been a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, and the University of California at Santa Barbara.


Diversity & Inclusion Dialogue session with Marisa Vela Williamson, APR

Wednesday, June 14, 2023 - 12:00 pm GMT London/Lisbon time

Marisa Vela Williamson, APR is an accredited, internationally-recognized public relations expert, national industry columnist, podcast host, and author. With two decades of multicultural and integrated communications experience, Melissa serves as a consultant, trainer, and account director at her boutique firm, MVW Communications. With unique experience in internal communications and DEI, Melissa leverages her PR expertise and acumen as a certified diversity professional to create social good. Her book, Smart Talk: Public Relations Essentials All Pros Should Know was published on Oct 2022 and quickly became an Amazon Bestseller. Hosted by Gladys Díaz, Chair Global Alliance Diversity, Equality and Inclusion Month


Diverse Dialogues: AI in Communications: Covering Bias, Ethics and Other Challenges

Thursday, June 22, 2023 5:00 p.m. – 6:00 p.m. (Eastern Daylight Time)

Moderated by Michelle Egan, APR Fellow PRSA, 2023 Chair, PRSA, the one-hour discussion aims to cover bias in AI and other challenges that communicators, public relations professionals and marketers face in this ever-changing technology.

Confirmed speakers include:

Bharat Krish, adviser, investor and former president, Digital, TIME Magazine, HBO, NBCUniversal.

Jared Carneson, senior vice president and senior partner at FleishmanHillard. Jared is the San Francisco media and platforms team lead with a focus on digital communications.

Noemi Lujan Perez, chief strategist/president, ECODiversity. Noemi leverages her legal and DEI training to provide innovative and culturally relevant PR/marketing campaigns, and to educate C-Suite executives, federal leaders, and elected officials about DEI discrepancies and best practices.

In addition to professional and student members from PRSA, attendees will also include members from the Global Alliance for Public Relations and Communication Management.

PROMOTIONAL FREE CODE*: GA2023

*Promotional Code to be applied during Registration Check Out


2023 Business & Racial Justice Special Report by Edelman

Presented by:  Trisch L. Smith, Global Chief of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Officer

Wednesday, June 28, 2023 - 12:00 pm GMT London/Lisbon time


LINKS, STUDIES & ARTICLES DEI Month 2023:

Institute of Public Relations

A Data – Driven Approach to Improving Diversity & Inclusion : Examining PRSA’s Efforts to Measure Perception | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

The Top 19 Public Relations Insights of 2022 | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

New Report by IPR and The Wakeman Agency Reveals How Communication Professionals are Defining Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

The Language of Diversity | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

Talking Inclusion Into Being: How Communication Can Make or Break an Inclusive Work Environment | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

-Five Internal Communications Trends for 2022 and Beyond - Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

-The Impact of Societal Trends on Your Brand - Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)

(14) IPR Webinar: The Language of Diversity - YouTube

Diversity in the PR Classroom | Institute for Public Relations (instituteforpr.org)         (20 sessions)

Museum of Public Relations

Black PR Pioneers — The Museum of Public Relations (prmuseum.org)

Celebrating Latino PR 2022: How Communicators Can Shape Authentic Narratives of Latino Communities - YouTube

The AAPI Community Influence on Brands, Film, and Culture - YouTube

PR Women Who Changed History 2023 - YouTube


PRSA Foundation

Diverse Voices: Profiles in Leadership Videos (prsafoundation.org)

Profiles in Leadership Videos Diverse Voices (prsafoundation.org)

 

McKinsey

2023 DEI initiatives report: Inside the lighthouses | McKinsey

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/diversity-wins-how-inclusion-matters  

Women Matter, Spain: Women are still far from top corporate-leadership positions | McKinsey

Using local insights to bridge the US racial equity divide | McKinsey

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Lighthouses 2023 | McKinsey

Why diversity matters | McKinsey

What is diversity, equity, and inclusion (DE&I)? | McKinsey

PwC

Global diversity, equity and inclusion survey: PwC

Global-report 2022.pptx (pwc.com)

European-report 2022.pptx (pwc.com)

APAC-report 2022.pptx (pwc.com)

North-America-report 2022.pptx (pwc.com)

South-Central-America-report 2022.pptx (pwc.com)

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Survey (pwcresearch.com)


World Economic Forum

5 dimensions of leadership to address complex challenges | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

Global Risks Report 2023: The turbulent twenties, when risks collide | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

Public figures call for inclusive growth at Growth Summit 2023 | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

Harvard Business School

Research: Where Employees Think Companies’ DEIB Efforts Are Failing (hbr.org)

To Overcome Resistance to DEI, Understand What’s Driving It (hbr.org)

CNBC

LIVE: CNBC Equity & Opportunity Forum - Securing an Economic Future for All — 4/4/23 - YouTube

Ford director Kimberly Casiano on speaking up about diversity (cnbc.com)


FORBES

Diversity And Inclusion In The Workplace (forbes.com)

Why The Racial Wealth Gap Hasn’t Shrunk Since MLK’s Death: A Look At The Numbers (forbes.com)

15 Key Benefits Of DEI To Communicate With Team Members (forbes.com)

Equal Justice Initiative

Community Remembrance Project (eji.org)

EJI CRP Catalog : simplebooklet.com

Public Education (eji.org)

Memorial (eji.org)

Other sources & articles:

Building the future workplace with allyship and inclusion by Kia Haring

THE REPRESENTATION OF DISABILITY: why communicators are concerned - Com-Ent guide (in French)

https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/risk/deloitte-uk-del-ca-report-interactive-2023.pdf

https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/what-you-need-know-about-new-guide-addressing-hate-speech-through-education?hub=343

Women in Business 2023 | Grant Thornton

Women in the Workplace 2022: The Full Report (leanin.org)

Equality case studies | Equality and Human Rights Commission (equalityhumanrights.com)

https://disabilityin.org/2022-dei-report/

9 Companies Around the World Embracing Diversity in a BIG Way (socialtalent.com)

Companies Regressing in DEI Progress, Reveals Report - Fair Play Talks

DEIB & Wellbeing at Work Remain a Top Priority in 2023 - Fair Play Talks

Working in multicultural teams |Deloitte Australia | Diversity, Inclusion and Leadership consulting case study

Power on: How we can supercharge an equitable digital future | UN Women – Europe and Central Asia

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/boards-thinking-diversity-right-way-aedhmar-hynes?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_ios&utm_campaign=share_via

genentech_diversity_and_inclusion_report_2022.pdf

One Million Black Women (goldmansachs.com)

Getting to Equal: The Disability Inclusion Advantage | Accenture

Global Investor Group Representing $2.8 Trillion Call on Companies to be Inclusive to People with Disabilities - Disability:IN (disabilityin.org)

CEOs are IN - Disability:IN (disabilityin.org)

2022 Creativity Study: Diversity Of Talent Emerges As Critical Challenge (provokemedia.com)

U.S. Based Workforce and Board Composition Report by Race/Ethnicity, Gender and Job Category 2022 (issuelab.org)

Power Beyond Measure 2021 (issuelab.org)

Business Case for Racial Equity (issuelab.org)

https://fleishmanhillard.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/DEI_Decoded_deck_FINAL.pdf

101 Solutions for Inclusive Wealth Building - The Aspen Institute

22 Cases and Articles to Help Bring Diversity Issues into Class Discussions | Harvard Business Publishing Education

Inclusivity & diversity at work case studies l LifeSkills (barclayslifeskills.com)

Eight Ways to Make Your D&I Efforts Less Talk and More Walk | First Round Review

https://time.com/charter/6245963/employer-diversity-commitments/

5 Steps to Find Your Diversity Weaknesses | Time

Black-White Wealth Gap Getting Worse, 160 Years of US Data Show - Bloomberg

WEF_Global_Parity_Alliance_2023.pdf

5 Essential Topics for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Training (trainingmag.com)

12 Reasons Why Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Are Important in Business | Claremont Lincoln University

 

Other VIDEOS:

On Diversity: Access Ain’t Inclusion | Anthony Jack | TEDxCambridge - Bing video

All of Us, an award-winning video from our Unconscious Bias course. - YouTube

Social experiment: Don't Put People in Boxes - YouTube

Beloved Community Talks - The King Center  (13 videos)

https://youtu.be/cEgZNkWVoQA

https://youtu.be/G1umsL-GhYM

https://youtu.be/sSrlTxI_q6g

https://youtu.be/FjD_3VDRyTY

https://youtu.be/Nk9sUSafBYA

BCT Media - The King Center  (25 videos)


Documentary: From Trash to treasure: Turning Negatives into positives (Lesotho)

From Trash To Treasure: Turning Negatives Into Positives | Documentary Short - YouTube

Diversity, Equality & Inclusion Live Webinars 2022:

Wednesday, 1st June, 2022 at 16:00 Lisbon Time/ 11:00 am (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion LIVE Dialogue Session 1

Join the conversation with:

Raquel Rivera, APR, Corporate Communications Director, Grupo Ferré Rangel, Puerto Rico

Visael “Bobby” Rodriguez, Vice President of Diversity, Inclusion and Community Relations for Cincinnati Children’s (CCHMC), USA

Carolina M. Veira, Director of Strategic Partnerships, CSR & DEI at CareMax

Marco V. Herrera, M3H Comunicación- General Director, Mexico

Host: Gladys Díaz, Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

Watch the Dialogue Session here:


June 8, 2022 at 16:00 Lisbon Time (GMT)/ 11:00 Puerto Rico (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion LIVE Dialogue Session 2

Join the conversation with:

David González Natal, Partner & Managing Director of the North Latin America Region at LLYC, to present the awarded case study BBK Invisible Loneliness.

Host: Gladys Díaz, Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

Watch the Dialogue Session here:

June 15, 2022  at 16:00 Lisbon Time/ 11:00 am (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion LIVE Dialogue Session 3

Join the conversation with:

· Jaron Terry, APR Fellow PRSA

· Anita Ford Saunders, APR

· Dr. Felicia Blow, APR

 Host: Gladys Díaz, Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

Watch the Dialogue Session here:

June 20, 2022 at 18:00 Lisbon Time/ 13:00 (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion LIVE Dialogue Session 4        

Join the conversation with:

Dr. Bey-Ling Sha, APR, Professor and Dean of the College of Communications at California State University, Fullerton, USA.

Trisch Smith, Global Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Officer at Edelman

Host: Gladys Díaz, Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

Watch the Dialogue Session here:

June 22, 2022 at 17:00 –18:00 NYC Time/ 22:00 Lisbon Time

Diverse Dialogues: Understanding Gender Identity and Intersectionality to Improve Communications

Panelists: Marie-Adélina de la Ferrière, (she/her/hers) PR Specialist, Dixon Schwabl + Company

Diego Sanchez, APR, (he/him/his), Director Advocacy, Policy & Partnerships, PFLAG National

K Terry Smith (they/them/their), Consultant Innovation Marketing, Nationwide

Moderator: Jaron Terry, APR, Fellow PRSA, Co-Chair PRSA’s D&I Committee

PROMOTIONAL FREE CODE*: GADVRS22

*Promotional Code to be applied during Registration Check Out


June 24, 2022 at 16:00 Lisbon Time/ 11:00 am (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion Dialogue Session 5

Puerto Rico Public Relations Association - ARPPR 1st survey among Puerto Rico practitioners in relation to Diversity and Inclusion

Presenters: Juan Alberto Arteaga, from agency A&A, and Gladys Díaz, APR, from ARPPR and Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

June 27, 2022 at 16:00 Lisbon Time/ 11:00 am (AST)

Diversity & Inclusion Dialogue Session 6

Presenters:

Dr. Rochelle Ford, APR, Dean of the School of Communications at Elon University, in Elon, N.C. From July, President of Dillard University in New Orleans.

Ayanna Anderson, Head of Diversity, Inclusion + Belonging at HighwirePR

 Host: Gladys Díaz, Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Month Chair

Watch the Dialogue Session here:

Presentation from the African Diversity & Inclusion Center by Ipolito T. Mubiru, Executive Director

Diversity, Inclusion & Equality Resources:

Content from United Nations digital portal:

Video concert with talent from all over the world: (UN Jazz Day 2022- celebrated April 30- A call for peace and unity)

https://jazzday.com/global-concert-2022/ 

https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/

https://www.un.org/en/gender-inclusive-language/

https://www.un.org/en/delegate/staff-voices-racial-equity-un-and-beyond-0

https://www.un.org/en/delegate/reimagining-equality-%E2%80%9Cwe-must-reject-racism%E2%80%9D

https://www.un.org/en/un-chronicle/calling-united-nations-system-action-disability-inclusion

https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/reducing-inequality-through-accessible-and-inclusive-education

https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/inter-cultural-dialogue


Institute of Public Relations

Five Internal Communications Trends for 2022 and Beyond       

The Impact of Societal Trends on Your Brand        

 

PRSA - Public Relations Society of America

https://www.prsa.org/article/plan-with-culture-in-mind

https://www.prsa.org/article/the-value-of-real-talk

https://www.prsa.org/article/resolve-to-invite-candidates-of-color-into-public-relations

https://www.prsa.org/article/innovate-with-valuegraphics

https://www.prsa.org/article/spanish-media-myths-and-truths

https://www.prsa.org/article/understand-familia-to-embrace-latinos

https://www.prsa.org/article/help-tell-latino-stories

Webinar on demand: Diversity & Inclusion: Uncovering Implicit Bias to Achieve PR Success. Presenter: Jaron Terry APR, Fellow PRSA

Promotional Free Code to be Applied During Registration Check Out: GAMY22

Webinar on demand: Getting It Right: Diversity and Inclusion in LGBTQ and Latinx Communications. Presenter: Jaron Terry APR, Fellow PRSA and Monica Trasandes
Promotional Free Code to be Applied During Registration Check Out: GAMY22

World Economic Forum

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/03/diversity-inclusion-equity-business/

https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/pathways-to-social-justice-a-revitalized-vision-for-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-the-workforce

https://www.weforum.org/videos/meet-the-women-who-made-history-in-2021

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/the-story-of-davos-2022/

Museum of Public Relations

Black PR History:

Celebrating Black PR History: Ushering in a New Era of History-Makers

Learning from Black PR History: The Imperative of Belonging

Women in PR:

 PR Women Who Changed History: Using Public Relations for the Public Good

A Century of Women in PR: Stories about meaning, balance, and a clear path forward

AAPI PR History:

Stop AAPI Hate: The Role of Communicators

LGBTQ+ PR History:

The LGBTQ Experience in Public Relations: Visibly Proud

Latino PR History:

The Latino Influence and Impact on the Public Relations Profession in the Era of COVID

Indigenous PR History:

The Growing Role of Native Americans in Public Relations

Silence is not an option: Allyship, Advocacy, and Anti-Racism


Melissa Vela-Williams, APR

https://www.mvw360.com/blog/2022/1/18/the-changing-language-of-dei

https://www.mvw360.com/blog/2021/8/17/steps-to-be-an-ally-at-work

https://www.mvw360.com/blog/2021/9/20/hispanic-heritage-month-is-a-must

https://www.mvw360.com/blog/2021/6/9/four-steps-for-practicing-social-responsibility

https://www.mvw360.com/smarttalk/2021/8/26/9-going-deeper-into-dei-with-cedric-brown (podcast episode)


McKinsey & Company

Insights on Diversity and Inclusion | McKinsey & Company

Black Consumers Where to Invest for Equity (A Preview) Report

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/diverse-employees-are-struggling-the-most-during-covid-19-heres-how-companies-can-respond

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/sustainable-inclusive-growth/our-future-lives-and-livelihoods-sustainable-and-inclusive-and-growing

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/sustainable-inclusive-growth/future-of-america/rise-of-the-inclusive-sustainable-consumers

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/sustainable-inclusive-growth/future-of-america/us-manufacturing-the-next-frontier-for-sustainable-inclusive-growth

https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/understanding-organizational-barriers-to-a-more-inclusive-workplace


Spectra Conference

Why are Diversity, Inclusion & Equity more important than ever before by Patience Nyange, Board Member - Global Alliance & Council Member, Media Council of Kenya – Spectra Conference

Ellen Ryan Mardiks, Vice Chairman, Golin in conversation with Heather Woodard, Director for Multicultural Public Relations & Brand Engagement, McDonald’s USA – Spectra Conference

Multiple sources

Strength lies in differences not in similarities by Gonca Karakas

The Beauty of Diversity is Unmatched by Peter Mutie

Authentic 365, an Edelman podcast

https://www.edelman.com/authentic-365

Hablemos!: Inclusion, Ledership and Purpose – podcast by Carolina Veira, Human Strategist and DEI Champion (Spotify)

 Hablemos!: Inclusion, Ledership and Purpose – podcast by Carolina Veira, Human Strategist and DEI Champion (Apple)

African Diversity & Inclusion Center: https://africandicenter.org/

How do Americans view economic inequality? -  Pew Research Center

TED Talk: Professor of Law Kimberlé W. Creenshaw on Intersectionality. (At the end presents the initiative “Say her name”)  (2016)

https://www.ted.com/talks/kimberle_crenshaw_the_urgency_of_intersectionality

Harvard Implicit Association Test (IAT): https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html

Mitigating bias - content development

https://www.forumone.com/insights/blog/mitigating-bias-through-content-strategy/

Sharon Hurley Hall’s antiracism newsletter

https://www.antiracismnewsletter.com/

Record and add your name pronunciation to LinkedIn profile:

https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a550527/record-and-display-your-name-pronunciation-on-your-profile?lang=en

The Ethical Storyteller global calendar (HQ: Canada)

https://www.theethicalstoryteller.com/calendar

 Offensive words to avoid

https://www.throughlinegroup.com/2021/03/02/21-offensive-words-you-should-avoid/

 Inclusive job posts (Textio)

https://textio.com/

Google inclusive language developers guide

https://developers.google.com/style/inclusive-documentation

Download guidelines that will help you be more inclusive of people who have sight, cognitive, hearing disabilities. https://accessible-communications.com/

 https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/initiatives/power-shift-project/do-you-qualify-as-an-ally/

 Black-owned global diversity media platform

https://www.pocstock.com/

NPR article, emoji skin tone colors

https://www.npr.org/2022/02/09/1078977416/race-chat-emoji-skin-tone-colors

Tokenizing employees in stories: https://youtu.be/ClZG65rz4B4

How to create accessible pdf’s in design: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eiqw3rBWDWk

https://www.siteimprove.com/glossary/accessible-fonts

My short list & huge spreadsheet of resources about equity and comms by Sandra Boone

Horizontal Facility II - Promotion of diversity and equality in the Western Balkans - Council of Europe

Combating discrimination, hate crime and hate speech in the Eastern Partnership – Council of Europe

https://www.nielsen.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/09/nielsen-2021-hispanic-diverse-insights-report-210682-D9.pdf

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/where-does-dei-go-from-here-patricia-mota-mpa/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/future-work-must-built-purpose-world-economic-forum-2022-mota-mpa/?trackingId=ZryPZJL0QzGAg%2BuGAMx%2B%2BQ%3D%3D

Activist public relations in developing contexts where rules and norms collide: insights from two activist organizations against gender-based violence in Bangladesh. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JCOM-09-2021-0101/full/html

Authors: Habib Mohammad Ali, Department of Media Studies and Journalism, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh, Shima Saniei, Faculty of Arts and Media, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Patrick O’Leary and Jennifer Boddy, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia

Extra resources related to ageism:

https://www.ted.com/talks/ashton_applewhite_let_s_end_ageism?language=en

https://www.twitter.com/thischairrocks

https://www.twitter.com/amenity

https://www.twitter.com/riander

https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2018/09/18/the-ibm-age-discrimination-lawsuit-will-shed-light-on-this-harrowing-trend/#3d22d8485ce1

https://www.oldschool.info/

The Trends That Will Shape The PR Industry In Latin America

Diversity, Inclusion, Belonging & Equity Toolkit | Harvard University Office for Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging

16 Steps To Incorporate Diversity, Equity And Inclusion Into Daily Operations (forbes.com)

https://www.iedp.com/articles/diversity-inclusion-and-disability/

Diversity, Equity & Inclusion: 5 Ways to Take REAL Action on DEI | CCL

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in the Journal of Consumer Research: A Curation and Research Agenda | Journal of Consumer Research | Oxford Academic (oup.com)

The Business Imperative of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Belonging Webinar - Bing video



Content from Diversity & Inclusion Month June 2021


Special webinar on Diversity & Inclusion: